History Borobudur. A collection of articles about Borobudur will be present
in its entirety. Who is not familiar with the Borobudur temple, proud heritage
of Indonesia, which has also been designated as World Heritage by UNESCO.
Borobudur is the name of a Buddhist temple at Borobudur, Magelang, Central
Java, Indonesia. Location of the temple is about 100 km southwest of Hyderabad
and 40 km northwest of Yogyakarta. Temple was founded by the way Mahayana Buddhists
around the year 800 years ago during the reign of the Sailendra dynasty. The
monument comprises six square terraces above the GCC, there are three circular
courtyard, the walls are decorated with 2672 relief panels and 504 Buddha
statues originally contained
The main stupa in the middle of greater situated once crowned this building, surrounded by three rows of circular holes 72 stupas where there are statues of Buddha sitting cross-legged in the lotus position perfectly with the mudra mudra (hand gesture) Dharmachakra (spin the wheel of dharma).
This monument is a model of the universe and built as a shrine to worship the Buddha and serves as a place of pilgrimage for humanity lead to the desire to go natural lighting and wisdom, according to the teachings of Buddha.
The pilgrims enter through the east side start the ritual in the temple walk around the sacred building clockwise, while continuing to climb the next steps through the three levels of Buddhist cosmology sphere. The third level is K? Madh? You (the area of lust), Rupadhatu (tangible field) and Arupadhatu (domain intangible). In this journey of pilgrims walking through a series of corridors and stairs to see no less than 1460 beautiful relief panels are engraved on the walls and balustrades.
According to historical evidence, Borobudur was abandoned in the 14th century that the weakening influence of Buddhist and Hindu kingdoms in Java and started the influence of Islam. The world began to realize the existence of the building since it was discovered in 1814 by Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, who later served as Governor General of British control over Java. Since then, he went through a series of rescue and restoration of Borobudur. Greater restoration project took place from 1975 to 1982, the efforts of the Government of the Republic of Indonesia and UNESCO and historic sites in the World Heritage List.
Borobudur is still used as a place of religious pilgrimage, Buddhist each year who come from all over Indonesia and abroad gather at Borobudur to celebrate Vesak Trisuci. In the world of tourism, tourism Borobudur is Indonesia's most visited tourist attraction.
Relief
On the wall of the temple at all levels - with the exception of terraces Arupadhatu - carved panels of bas-reliefs still remembers the history of Borobudur temple which is done very carefully and delicate. [54] Relief and naturalistic style of decoration Borobudur models with ideal proportions and refined aesthetic taste. These reliefs are beautiful, even the Buddha considered the most elegant and graceful in the art world.
Borobudur relief as Indian art of discipline, such as the attitudes of the body has a special meaning or aesthetic value. Reliefs noble form of man as hermits, kings and noble women, enigmatic degrees or achieve holiness as gods, as Tara and Bodhisattva, often depicted with tribhanga body position. The position of the body is called a "three curve" that is curved or bent slightly at the neck, hips and ankles, with just your body weight supported on one leg while the other leg is the curve of rest. This position involves graceful elegance, like an angel who was with Surasundari tribhanga posture holding a lotus flower long stem.
Borobudur reliefs showing many images as two human figures nobles, commoners, or hermits, various plants and animals, as well as exhibitions of traditional forms of vernacular building in the archipelago. Borobudur is how a book like this record different aspects of ancient Javanese life. Many archaeologists researching past life in ancient Java and the archipelago Century 8:09 and consider referring reliefs of Borobudur. Forms Stilts, barns, castles and temples, the form of clothing, jewelry and weapons, various plants and wildlife, as well as a means of transport, was observed by the researchers. One is a relief which describes the famous Borobudur vessel. Typical timber ship archipelago shows old maritime culture. Ark replica made by reliefs of Borobudur stored at the Museum of Mercury Ocean north of Borobudur.
Buddha Statue
Moreover, the shape of Buddha in Buddhist cosmology carved in the wall, there are many statues of Buddha Borobudur sitting cross-legged in the lotus position and showing mudras or hand gestures symbolic data. Statue of Buddha with a height of 1.5 meters is carved in and a site materials.
Buddha Statue in niche level adjustment Rupadhatu the line off the grid. Decreasing the side thereof. Balustrade the first line consists of 104 niches, niches 104/2, line 88 niches third line 72 line 64 niches fourth and fifth places. Altogether there are 432 statues of Buddha in Rupadhatu.
In Arupadhatu (three circular courtyard), Buddha statues placed in stupas berterawang (perforated). Earlier, there were 32 yard circular stupa, stupa court both 00:16 stupas third yards, 72 total stupas.
Since the first number 504 Buddha statues, over 300 are damaged (mostly headless) and 43 missing (since the monument's discovery, heads of Buddha is often stolen as collector's item, especially by foreign museums).
In face of all these Buddha statues are similar but there are subtle differences between them, ie the position or mudra hand gesture. There are five classes of mudra: North, South, East, West and Central Africa, everything rests on five pillars of the compass according to Mahayana teachings. Balustrade room four mudras: North, East, South and West, where every Buddha statue facing the direction that is normally mudra. Statues of Buddha in coupling handrail and statues of Buddha in the 72 stupas in superior court berterawang showing mudras: Middle or Central. Each mudra symbolizes the five Dhyani Buddhas, each with its own meaning.
Rehabilitation
Borobudur greatly affected by the eruption of Mount Merapi in October adan November 2010. Volcanic dust from Merapi covered temple complex 28 km (17 miles) west-southwest of the crater of Merapi. Layers of volcanic ash reaches a thickness of 2.5 cm, which covers the construction of the temple of the eruption from March to May November 2010, the dust is deadly plants around, and experts fear that the products of volcanic ash is chemicals acids can damage the stone of this historic building. The temple complex was closed 5 to 9 November 2010 luruhan to clean dust.
Rehabilitation after observing the eruption of Merapi Borobudur, in 2010, UNESCO has donated U.S. $ 3 million to fund rehabilitation efforts. Purify the temple deposition of volcanic dust will spend at least 6 months, followed by reforestation and planting trees in the area to stabilize the temperature and then restart the economic and social life of the local community.
More than 55,000 blocks of stone temples be demolished to improve water management and drainage are obstructed folder rain mixed with volcanic ash. Restoration completed in November 2011, earlier than previously thought.
Borobudur is a magnificent historic building. This proves that our ancestors knew the science of high technology that does not lose the technological developments of today. Borobudur evidenced by remains strong today. As a nation that loves this country, is not excessive if the child - school children must learn the history of Borobudur.
The main stupa in the middle of greater situated once crowned this building, surrounded by three rows of circular holes 72 stupas where there are statues of Buddha sitting cross-legged in the lotus position perfectly with the mudra mudra (hand gesture) Dharmachakra (spin the wheel of dharma).
This monument is a model of the universe and built as a shrine to worship the Buddha and serves as a place of pilgrimage for humanity lead to the desire to go natural lighting and wisdom, according to the teachings of Buddha.
The pilgrims enter through the east side start the ritual in the temple walk around the sacred building clockwise, while continuing to climb the next steps through the three levels of Buddhist cosmology sphere. The third level is K? Madh? You (the area of lust), Rupadhatu (tangible field) and Arupadhatu (domain intangible). In this journey of pilgrims walking through a series of corridors and stairs to see no less than 1460 beautiful relief panels are engraved on the walls and balustrades.
According to historical evidence, Borobudur was abandoned in the 14th century that the weakening influence of Buddhist and Hindu kingdoms in Java and started the influence of Islam. The world began to realize the existence of the building since it was discovered in 1814 by Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, who later served as Governor General of British control over Java. Since then, he went through a series of rescue and restoration of Borobudur. Greater restoration project took place from 1975 to 1982, the efforts of the Government of the Republic of Indonesia and UNESCO and historic sites in the World Heritage List.
Borobudur is still used as a place of religious pilgrimage, Buddhist each year who come from all over Indonesia and abroad gather at Borobudur to celebrate Vesak Trisuci. In the world of tourism, tourism Borobudur is Indonesia's most visited tourist attraction.
Relief
On the wall of the temple at all levels - with the exception of terraces Arupadhatu - carved panels of bas-reliefs still remembers the history of Borobudur temple which is done very carefully and delicate. [54] Relief and naturalistic style of decoration Borobudur models with ideal proportions and refined aesthetic taste. These reliefs are beautiful, even the Buddha considered the most elegant and graceful in the art world.
Borobudur relief as Indian art of discipline, such as the attitudes of the body has a special meaning or aesthetic value. Reliefs noble form of man as hermits, kings and noble women, enigmatic degrees or achieve holiness as gods, as Tara and Bodhisattva, often depicted with tribhanga body position. The position of the body is called a "three curve" that is curved or bent slightly at the neck, hips and ankles, with just your body weight supported on one leg while the other leg is the curve of rest. This position involves graceful elegance, like an angel who was with Surasundari tribhanga posture holding a lotus flower long stem.
Borobudur reliefs showing many images as two human figures nobles, commoners, or hermits, various plants and animals, as well as exhibitions of traditional forms of vernacular building in the archipelago. Borobudur is how a book like this record different aspects of ancient Javanese life. Many archaeologists researching past life in ancient Java and the archipelago Century 8:09 and consider referring reliefs of Borobudur. Forms Stilts, barns, castles and temples, the form of clothing, jewelry and weapons, various plants and wildlife, as well as a means of transport, was observed by the researchers. One is a relief which describes the famous Borobudur vessel. Typical timber ship archipelago shows old maritime culture. Ark replica made by reliefs of Borobudur stored at the Museum of Mercury Ocean north of Borobudur.
Buddha Statue
Moreover, the shape of Buddha in Buddhist cosmology carved in the wall, there are many statues of Buddha Borobudur sitting cross-legged in the lotus position and showing mudras or hand gestures symbolic data. Statue of Buddha with a height of 1.5 meters is carved in and a site materials.
Buddha Statue in niche level adjustment Rupadhatu the line off the grid. Decreasing the side thereof. Balustrade the first line consists of 104 niches, niches 104/2, line 88 niches third line 72 line 64 niches fourth and fifth places. Altogether there are 432 statues of Buddha in Rupadhatu.
In Arupadhatu (three circular courtyard), Buddha statues placed in stupas berterawang (perforated). Earlier, there were 32 yard circular stupa, stupa court both 00:16 stupas third yards, 72 total stupas.
Since the first number 504 Buddha statues, over 300 are damaged (mostly headless) and 43 missing (since the monument's discovery, heads of Buddha is often stolen as collector's item, especially by foreign museums).
In face of all these Buddha statues are similar but there are subtle differences between them, ie the position or mudra hand gesture. There are five classes of mudra: North, South, East, West and Central Africa, everything rests on five pillars of the compass according to Mahayana teachings. Balustrade room four mudras: North, East, South and West, where every Buddha statue facing the direction that is normally mudra. Statues of Buddha in coupling handrail and statues of Buddha in the 72 stupas in superior court berterawang showing mudras: Middle or Central. Each mudra symbolizes the five Dhyani Buddhas, each with its own meaning.
Rehabilitation
Borobudur greatly affected by the eruption of Mount Merapi in October adan November 2010. Volcanic dust from Merapi covered temple complex 28 km (17 miles) west-southwest of the crater of Merapi. Layers of volcanic ash reaches a thickness of 2.5 cm, which covers the construction of the temple of the eruption from March to May November 2010, the dust is deadly plants around, and experts fear that the products of volcanic ash is chemicals acids can damage the stone of this historic building. The temple complex was closed 5 to 9 November 2010 luruhan to clean dust.
Rehabilitation after observing the eruption of Merapi Borobudur, in 2010, UNESCO has donated U.S. $ 3 million to fund rehabilitation efforts. Purify the temple deposition of volcanic dust will spend at least 6 months, followed by reforestation and planting trees in the area to stabilize the temperature and then restart the economic and social life of the local community.
More than 55,000 blocks of stone temples be demolished to improve water management and drainage are obstructed folder rain mixed with volcanic ash. Restoration completed in November 2011, earlier than previously thought.
Borobudur is a magnificent historic building. This proves that our ancestors knew the science of high technology that does not lose the technological developments of today. Borobudur evidenced by remains strong today. As a nation that loves this country, is not excessive if the child - school children must learn the history of Borobudur.
